American football is a sport of rugby, the most popular sport in the United States and the top of the four professional sports in North America. American football originated from rugby, and its rules changed after it was introduced to the United States. The purpose of this sport is to push the ball into the opponent’s end zone to score. There are various ways to score, including holding the ball over the baseline, throwing the ball to a teammate behind the baseline, or kicking the ball directly on the ground through the middle of two goalposts to shoot. The team with the highest score at the end of the game time wins. American football is a highly competitive contact sport, where players often engage in intense physical collisions with their opponents, requiring them to wear helmets and protective gear on the field.
American Football League
American football has surpassed baseball to become the most popular sport in the United States. The National Football League (NFL), consisting of 32 teams, is the most popular and currently the only major professional American football league in the United States. It is also the most commercially valuable sports league in the world, ranking first among North American professional sports leagues. The Super Bowl, its championship game, has a television yield of over half of American households, and is broadcasted on television in over 150 countries worldwide. Super Sunday has become an annual event, held between late January and early February. This event is also the highest rated television sports program in the United States.
Super Bowl
The Super Bol is the annual championship game of the National Football League (also known as the National Football League) in the United States, and the winner is known as the “World Champion”. The Super Bowl is usually held on the last Sunday of January or the first Sunday of February each year, which is called Super Bowl Sunday. The Super Bowl is the name of the competition, and its trophy is called the Vince Lombardi Trophy. The participating teams are the American Football League champions and the National Football League champions of that season. The Super Bowl has been the highest rated television program in the United States for many years and has gradually become an unofficial national holiday. In addition, Super Bowl Sunday is the second highest daily food consumption day in the United States, second only to Thanksgiving.
The founder of the Kansas City Chiefs and the American Football League, Lamar Hunter, came across his daughter’s “Super Ball” by chance, which inspired him to refer to the championship finals between the American Football League and the National Football League (now known as the American Football Federation and the National Football Federation) as the “Super Bowl”. This is where the name “Super Bowl” comes from
Characteristics of American Football
Shape and Size
American Football is an oval – shaped ball. The length of a standard American football is usually about 11 – 11.8 inches (28 – 30 cm), and the circumference in the middle is around 28 – 29 inches (72 – 74 cm), while the circumference at the ends is approximately 21 – 21.25 inches (53 – 54 cm).
Materials and Construction
The outer shell of the ball is typically made of four pieces of leather or synthetic materials stitched together. Leather balls are often made of cowhide, which provides durability and a good grip. Modern synthetic – material balls are also popular due to their cost – effectiveness and consistent performance in various weather conditions.
Inside the ball, there is a rubber bladder that holds the air. The ball is inflated to a pressure of about 12.5 – 13.5 pounds per square inch (psi). Surrounding the bladder is a layer of thick cotton, hemp, or other fibrous materials. This layer serves as a cushion, reducing the impact on the bladder when the ball is hit and making it more comfortable for players to handle.
Function and Performance
The shape and construction of the American football allow for a variety of throwing and carrying techniques. The pointed ends and oval shape make it possible to spiral the ball through the air when thrown properly, which improves accuracy and distance.
The grip – friendly surface helps players, especially quarterbacks and receivers, to have better control over the ball during passes and catches. The ball’s weight and bounce characteristics also play a crucial part in the game’s dynamics, such as during kickoffs, punts, and field goal attempts.
How are NFL Footballs Made?
NFL footballs are crafted through a meticulous process at The Wilson Sporting Goods Football Factory in Ada, Ohio. Here’s a detailed look at how they’re made:
1.Cowhide Cutting: Specialized tools, akin to cookie-cutters, are employed to precisely cut sheets of cowhide into four almond-shaped pieces, which form the basic structure of each football.
2.Branding and Customization: The brand of the football company, along with other bespoke details, is imprinted onto one of the leather pieces. This gives each football its unique identity and authenticity.
3.Cotton Reinforcement: A skilled seamstress then sews cotton onto the underside of each leather segment. This not only adds strength but also contributes to the overall durability and feel of the football.
4.Section Assembly: The four sections are sewn together with great care. Steam is utilized to soften the leather, making it more pliable and facilitating the sewing process. The top of the football is left open at this stage.
5.Bladder Insertion: The rubber bladder, which is crucial for holding air, is inserted through the open top. A sufficient amount of air is added to make the subsequent lacing process more convenient.
6.Lacing and Closing: A thick and robust synthetic lace is used to sew the top of the football closed. Football players often align their fingers with the lace to achieve a better grip when throwing, enhancing their on-field performance.
7.Inflation: The footballs are then fully inflated to the standard air pressure, ensuring they meet the required specifications for play.
8.Quality Control: Each completed football is weighed on an electronic balance scale, and its length and width are measured. This comprehensive quality control procedure guarantees that every football adheres to the established standards, providing consistency and fairness in the game.
9.Distribution: Finally, the approved footballs are dispatched to the various NFL teams, ready to be used in the exciting and highly competitive games that fans love to watch.
Characteristics Of The Ball In Different Game Scenarios
1. Professional Games
In professional games such as the National Football League (NFL), the requirements for the ball are extremely high. The game – used ball must strictly comply with the official regulations regarding size, weight, and air pressure. Due to the high intensity of professional games and the high – level skills of the players, the ball needs to withstand frequent high – speed passes, intense collisions, and complex tactical maneuvers. For example, when the quarterback makes a long – distance pass, the ball must maintain a stable flight path, which requires the ball to have a regular shape and appropriate elasticity. Moreover, under various weather conditions during the game, the performance of the ball should remain as consistent as possible. In rainy days, the outer skin of the ball should not become too heavy or slippery due to water absorption; in cold weather, the elasticity of the ball should not be affected too much.
2. College and High School Games
The standards for the balls used in these games generally follow those of professional games, but there may be some differences in details. For example, college games may allow the use of balls of slightly inferior brands that still meet the basic standards. For high – school games, due to the relatively lower intensity of the games, balls with synthetic – material outer skins are more commonly used. At the same time, in youth games, considering the age and physical conditions of the players, slightly smaller and lighter balls may be used to enable them to better master and control the ball.
3. Training Scenarios
In daily training, in addition to using the standard game – used balls, there are also some balls specially designed for training. For example, there are weighted balls for strength training. The weight of such balls may exceed that of a standard American football. By using weighted balls, players’ arm strength and grip strength can be improved. There are also some training balls with special markings or textures to help players better master passing and receiving skills. For instance, the ball has different – colored areas to indicate where the player’s hands should be placed, or it has raised textures to enhance the player’s touch when receiving the ball.
Football Skills
The techniques of receiving and holding the ball in American football
Catch the ball:
Action tips: Bend your knees, lean forward slightly, and keep your eyes fixed on the incoming ball. When the ball comes, both arms should be extended to face it, and fingers should be fully relaxed to touch the ball. After touching the ball, both hands immediately exert force and retract to firmly connect the ball.
Action requirements: The body should not tilt back to face the ball, but should maintain a forward leaning posture. Try to extend both arms as much as possible to face the ball, and make sure to avoid dropping the ball.
Running with the ball:
Ball holding method: There are two types of ball holding: two handed ball holding and one handed ball holding. Holding the ball with both hands is easy to combine with passing, while holding the ball with one hand is easy to accelerate. When holding the ball with both hands, the five fingers naturally open and the thumb presses on the most protruding part of the ball; Leave the palm empty and firmly grip the ball with your fingers; Flip your wrist up, hold the ball in front of your body with your elbow, and swing left and right following the running motion. There are two ways to hold the ball with one hand: vertical and horizontal. To hold a ball with one hand, hold it firmly with your hands, arms, and chest.
(1) Detour running
Detour running is a method of using curved running to get rid of the opponent when the defender blocks from the front or diagonal side while running with the ball. Pay attention to maintaining a good distance from the opponent, as getting too close can easily lead to interception. Taking running to the right as an example: lower the center of gravity, lean forward and run forward. When the opponent approaches from the front, look to the left and attract their attention; Turn right with a strong push on the inside of your left foot, cross your left foot to the front of your right foot, and accelerate in an arc to run away.
(2) Change direction and run
The method of breaking through opponents by using lateral steps to sway the body left and right. Taking changing direction to the right as an example, lower your body and approach your opponent with small, fast steps. Then, take a left step to attract them, and use the inner side of your left foot to press the ground horizontally. Shift your center of gravity to the right and accelerate to get rid of your opponent.
(3) Variable speed running
The method of getting rid of opponents by changing speed or stride. When approaching the opponent, slow down first, and when the opponent also slows down, accelerate instantly to get rid of them. Usually combined with circuitous running.
Passing Techniques in American Football：
Gripping the ball: The most common way to grip the ball is to cross the seam with the little finger and ring finger, and place the thumb under the ball. The index finger crosses the seam and forms an L-shape with the thumb.
Many quarterbacks prefer a different way of holding the ball than usual. For example, Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning used his ring and little fingers as well as his middle finger to cross the seam. You can try to find your most comfortable way of holding the ball.
Do not hold the ball with your palm, gently grip it with the tips of your fingers. Sometimes palm contact is not a problem, but try to leave some space between the palm and the ball.
Don’t hold the ball too tightly, hold it loosely for easy adjustment.
Adjust stance: face in a direction perpendicular to the target. If you throw the ball with your right hand, turn right, and if you throw the ball with your left hand, turn left. Rotate the foot where the body’s center of gravity is located (opposite the arm throwing the ball) towards the target, and keep your eyes fixed on the target.
Hold the ball to your ear: Before throwing the ball, keep it up to your ear and steady it with your other hand. This way, you can quickly throw the ball out at any time, making it difficult for defenders to judge.
Backward swing: Release the hand that does not throw the ball, swing the arm that throws the ball backwards, and stop behind the ear.
Throw along the arc: Quickly swing your arm forward along the arc and throw the ball out at the midpoint of the arc. Swing empty handed towards the buttocks and palm outward. Repeat this action several times before the ball is released.
Use other parts of the body such as the hips, legs, and shoulders to increase the strength of the ball. Step forward with the non center of gravity foot, swing the non center of gravity elbow downwards towards the back, and rotate the hips and shoulders in the direction of the ball.
Release the ball with your fingertips: When the ball is released, roll it out from your fingertips. The index finger finally leaves the ball to allow it to fly along the expected spiral line.
The correct way to throw a ball is to feel that only the thumb, index finger, and middle finger are used, with the other fingers providing assistance.
To increase rotation, the wrist moves forward when the arm passes through the buttocks.
Continuous practice: Focused and persistent practice can improve your accuracy and distance in throwing the ball. During practice, one can adjust their standing posture and ball grip appropriately. Once you master the basic skills, these small adjustments can improve your technique.
What Brand Of American Footballs Is Good?
1.Wilson NFL Super Grip
The Wilson NFL Super Grip football is a popular choice for recreational players and casual training, offering excellent value for its price. Made with durable composite leather, it provides a reliable grip and a consistent feel, making it suitable for a wide range of weather conditions. Its sturdy construction ensures longevity, making it a go-to option for regular use on the field.
This football is ideal for those looking to hone their skills or enjoy a casual game without investing in high-end equipment. The Super Grip feature allows players to maintain control during passes and catches, which is particularly helpful for those improving their handling. Additionally, it is designed with official NFL branding, giving it a professional and authentic look that appeals to fans of the league.
While the Wilson NFL Super Grip is a great all-around football, its grip can decrease if it becomes dirty, so regular cleaning is recommended to maintain optimal performance. Overall, it strikes a balance between quality and affordability, making it an excellent choice for players of all ages and skill levels.
2.Wilson GST Game Football
The Wilson GST Game Football is a premium choice for players seeking top-tier performance, particularly in high school or collegiate-level games. Crafted from exclusive Horween leather, it provides a soft and consistent feel, enabling superior grip and control during play. The ball’s patented Accurate Control Lacing (ACL) system features pebbled laces, offering an enhanced grip that’s especially useful in various weather conditions.
A hallmark of this football is its lightweight leather formula, which makes it easier to handle and perfect for precise throws and catches. The sewn-on stripes, also made from composite material, add extra grip and a visual aid for better control during fast-paced gameplay. Additionally, the ball is hand-crafted in the United States, ensuring meticulous attention to quality and durability.
The Wilson GST is widely used in high school and NCAA competitions, demonstrating its reliability in intense and demanding situations. However, it comes at a higher price point, reflecting its advanced features and professional-grade quality. For serious players aiming to elevate their game, the Wilson GST Game Football is a worthwhile investment.
3.Franklin Sports Youth Footballs
The Franklin Sports Youth Footballs are a reliable and affordable option tailored for young players. Designed with synthetic materials, these footballs offer durability and are well-suited for frequent use in youth leagues or casual play. The lightweight construction makes it easy for young athletes to handle, throw, and catch the ball, allowing them to develop essential football skills in a comfortable manner.
These footballs are often available in multiple sizes to cater to different age groups, ensuring that younger players can practice and play with equipment suitable for their abilities. The textured surface and grip-enhancing design contribute to better control during throws and catches, making the ball a practical choice for both beginners and intermediate players.
Franklin Sports also provides options like the Competition 1000, which are ideal for organized team play or practice sessions. The affordability and reliable performance of these footballs make them a popular choice for parents, coaches, and schools looking for quality equipment without a hefty price tag. However, they might not provide the premium feel of leather footballs, which are generally reserved for higher levels of competition.
Franklin Sports Youth Footballs – Junior + Pee Wee Kids Footballs – All-Weather Synthetic Leather Outdoor Footballs
4.Nike All-Field 4.0 Football
The Nike All-Field 4.0 Football is a versatile option designed for players looking for a balance between performance and affordability. Known for its robust construction, this football is built to endure regular use, whether in practice sessions, casual games, or even competitive settings. The synthetic leather material ensures durability while maintaining a good grip, which helps players handle the ball confidently in various conditions.
One of its standout features is the textured surface, which enhances ball control and stability during throws and catches. This makes it a reliable choice for quarterbacks aiming for precision or receivers honing their skills. Its all-field design caters to players across multiple levels, from beginners to intermediate athletes, and is adaptable to different play styles and environments.
The Nike All-Field 4.0 offers excellent value for its price, providing quality without breaking the bank. While it may not meet the advanced specifications of higher-end models like the Nike Vapor Elite, it is a solid choice for recreational players or those seeking a dependable football for consistent training.
5.Franklin Sports Official Size Football
The Franklin Sports Official Size Football is a reliable and affordable option for recreational play and training. Constructed from durable synthetic leather, this football is designed to handle regular use while providing a consistent feel and grip. Its official size makes it suitable for older players or adults who want to practice or play casual games with a ball that mimics the dimensions used in professional play.
The ball features precision stitching and laces that enhance grip and control, making it easier for players to improve their throwing and catching techniques. Its lightweight yet sturdy build ensures that it performs well on various surfaces, from grassy fields to synthetic turf. Additionally, Franklin Sports emphasizes accessibility, making this football a popular choice for coaches, schools, and casual players looking for quality equipment on a budget.
While it lacks the premium leather feel of higher-end footballs like the Wilson GST or Nike Vapor Elite, the Franklin Sports Official Size Football stands out for its affordability and versatility. It’s ideal for beginners or intermediate players who need a dependable ball for skill development and recreational use.
